1. Chapter 14 page 312. When the book is talking about the alternative reproductive methods it mentions that there are males of some species that mimic females. Does this mean that they look, and behavior just like a female would or are there points where you could distinguish that they maybe aren't a female?
2. Chapter 14, page 321-322. Are nuptial gifts dependent on if the species is polygamous or monogamous or does it occur in both? If it does occur in both are there greater chances for it to occur in species that are polygamous since they are choosing more mates a season?
3.Chapter 15, page 343-344. Do the host parents of intra and interspecific brood parasites realize that there is an egg in their nest that is not theirs? If they do realize why do they still chose to raise that baby?
1. Chapter 14, page 317: When talking about copulatory plugs, the author says that some species remove the plugs. I was curious as to how exactly they would be removed if they are simply secretions in the reproductive tract? Would these secretions "dissolve" over time? Or do they stay in place forever unless removed?
2. Chapter 14, page 326: When discussing the ability to provide compatible genes, it says that females often prefer males whose genetic makeup is compatible with their own (sometimes this means dissimilar genes). How exactly do the females know whether or not a male has compatible genes with her? Genes are not always displayed as physical traits that she can visualize show exactly does she determine this compatibility?
3. Chapter 15, page 338: When discussing the gender of offspring, the author states that parents can bias their allocation of resources by producing more offspring of one sex. Is this saying that some species have the ability to choose the sex of their offspring? Or is it just saying that once they have their offspring, the proportion of males to females influences their parental investment?
Chapter 14,page 307: For Trivers's theory, it is when the females compete for males and males have mate choice because the males do a lot of the care for offspring. Does this work for when males compete as well? is it still considered Trivers theory, or is that only for when the female is competing? Chapter 15, page 334, When describing parental investment, they also mention when males care for pregnant females, like in male owl monkeys. So are they saying a male caring for a pregnant female is also parental investment? Does this happen in many species? Chapter 15, page 350, I am a little confused of what the "sexy son" hypothesis means. I think the part when it says the female benefits from an already mated male is throwing me off. The female still benefits if the male hasn't mated yet?
Chapter 14, Page 319: Will lions kill cubs that are born soon after they have taken over? They kill the existing cubs because they know they are not their own, but what if a female was part way through a pregnancy?
Chapter 15, Page 335: is siblicide more about preserving ones own life or singular parental care?
Chapter 15, Page 338: sex allocation can be achieved by parents producing more of one sex, but how do they choose to produce more of one sex?
Ch 14 page 328--Referring to runaway mechanisms, I'm confused as to the overall goal. I understand that it occurs it can produce exaggerated male traits and a preference for them in females, but wouldn't that cut into genetic variability in the long run if all the same females want the same characteristic in all the males? And if this does occur when male characteristics are exaggerated, wouldn't that favored trait become not so favored if everyone has it?
ch 14 page 330--sexual conflict-- when talking about bedbugs,if these traits evolved so that males benefit from them but females don't and instead may be hurt from them and decrease life span or ability to reproduce, what is the point to doing this at all? Because if a male tried to inseminate a female by injecting sperm right into her body and missing that area where she's somewhat protected, and she ends up dying, isn't that just energy and "resources" wasted on the male's part? How do they know if after they do this the female's will be okay enough to continue on?
ch 15 page 335--when discussing siblicide, wouldn't individuals want to pass on their parents genes? I'm assuming that they don't really think this stuff over and it's more like competition for parent resources between them, however if the presence of the offspring can increase the changes for them to pass on their parents genes, wouldn't the parents want to interfere so deaths don't occur?
Ch.14 p.308: Vipera berus snake seems to have a very inefficient method of attempting to conserve energy and produce sperm. I don't see how doing nothing but producing sperm may be more costly than using its time to find other resources of survival. Ch. 14 p.312: The Bluegill Sunfish method of reproduction and fertilization seems to flawed. That certain-aged males are sized to sneak into older males dens when females are releasing eggs, why would males stay with their nest if they know that smaller males may have fertilized the females eggs? The mature males raise their spawn, they should not be the raisers of the offspring that may not be their own. Ch 14. p 320: The reading is describing multipul factor that go into choosing a mate. Are there any animals where the ale has more of a say of a mating partner than the female would? Do males have any criteria when looking to mate and raise their young with certain females?
1. Chapter 14 Page 315. When reading about sperm competition, I was a little confused as to how this works. It says that "the female mated with more than one male, their sperm must compete for the opportunity to fertilize her eggs". How does this work? How do the sperm compete exactly? If the female mates with more then one male how does the sperm compete and can more then one set of male sperm fertilize the eggs? Or does only one set of male sperm get to fertilize all the eggs? 2. Chapter 14 Page 330. In terms of sexual conflict what is the point of it if the male is the only one who benefits? And how do the females know how to adapt to these changes in the males? How does this coevolution work exactly? 3. Chapter 15 Page 345. I don't understand what the real difference is between social monogamy and genetic monogamy. While the book does give definitions of them I am still a bit confused. For one in social monogamy does this mean that while they are living together they can still mate with others or can they not? How is this different from genetic monogamy? In this can the male or female not mate outside the other? If yes does it still happen that one is not faithful because it finds a so called "better" mating opportunity? Can they leave this agrragement and live outside or do this still live together?
Chapter 14, page 306: I just wanted to confirm that the primary difference between intrasexual and intersexual selection is whether or not females get a choice? In intrasexual, it sounds like whoever wins a fight is guaranteed the females, regardless of whether they have other characteristics that females find attractive. Chapter 14, page 330: I remember learning a bit about sexually antagonistic coevolution a few years ago, and I find it so interesting that one sex can evolve adaptions that are harmful in some way to the other sex. It has to strike a very specific balance or the species won't survive. Are there situations where populations suffer after the initial development of a harmful trait? Or is the process always gradual enough that they don't suffer a decrease in population size? Chapter 15, page 338: The book suggests that parents can produce more of one sex of offspring. I didn't think this was any sort of choice; is it particularly common? The only animals I can picture it happening in is reptiles whose sex is dependent on temperature.
INTRAsexual selection is selection that occurs between individuals of the SAME sex (so think males fighting over a female) while INTERsexual selection is selection exerted by members of the opposite sex (males likely chubby ladies while females are all about long flashy tails)
chapter 14, page 310; It states that sex differences in appearance are sometimes caused by sexual selection and other times by ecological factors, isn't it possible for the cause of sexual differences to be a combination of both ecological factors and sexual pressures?
Chapter 14, page 315; In cases of sperm competition is there instances where the competition of sperm is so great that there is no fertilization occurrence? And would that be seen as a flaw in the female, causing less males to want to mate with her because they feel as if it would be a waste of time energy and sperm?
Chapter 14, page 321; It says that males of some species offer up parts of their own body for the females to feed on, and that by doing this it will increase the males chances of mating or making him more attractive to the females, cant it also hinder the males to the point where they are unable to battle for territory and to keep their mates?
1. Chapter 14 page 312. When the book is talking about the alternative reproductive methods it mentions that there are males of some species that mimic females. Does this mean that they look, and behavior just like a female would or are there points where you could distinguish that they maybe aren't a female?
ReplyDelete2. Chapter 14, page 321-322. Are nuptial gifts dependent on if the species is polygamous or monogamous or does it occur in both? If it does occur in both are there greater chances for it to occur in species that are polygamous since they are choosing more mates a season?
3.Chapter 15, page 343-344. Do the host parents of intra and interspecific brood parasites realize that there is an egg in their nest that is not theirs? If they do realize why do they still chose to raise that baby?
1. Chapter 14, page 317: When talking about copulatory plugs, the author says that some species remove the plugs. I was curious as to how exactly they would be removed if they are simply secretions in the reproductive tract? Would these secretions "dissolve" over time? Or do they stay in place forever unless removed?
ReplyDelete2. Chapter 14, page 326: When discussing the ability to provide compatible genes, it says that females often prefer males whose genetic makeup is compatible with their own (sometimes this means dissimilar genes). How exactly do the females know whether or not a male has compatible genes with her? Genes are not always displayed as physical traits that she can visualize show exactly does she determine this compatibility?
3. Chapter 15, page 338: When discussing the gender of offspring, the author states that parents can bias their allocation of resources by producing more offspring of one sex. Is this saying that some species have the ability to choose the sex of their offspring? Or is it just saying that once they have their offspring, the proportion of males to females influences their parental investment?
Chapter 14,page 307: For Trivers's theory, it is when the females compete for males and males have mate choice because the males do a lot of the care for offspring. Does this work for when males compete as well? is it still considered Trivers theory, or is that only for when the female is competing?
ReplyDeleteChapter 15, page 334, When describing parental investment, they also mention when males care for pregnant females, like in male owl monkeys. So are they saying a male caring for a pregnant female is also parental investment? Does this happen in many species?
Chapter 15, page 350, I am a little confused of what the "sexy son" hypothesis means. I think the part when it says the female benefits from an already mated male is throwing me off. The female still benefits if the male hasn't mated yet?
Chapter 14, Page 319: Will lions kill cubs that are born soon after they have taken over? They kill the existing cubs because they know they are not their own, but what if a female was part way through a pregnancy?
ReplyDeleteChapter 15, Page 335: is siblicide more about preserving ones own life or singular parental care?
Chapter 15, Page 338: sex allocation can be achieved by parents producing more of one sex, but how do they choose to produce more of one sex?
Ch 14 page 328--Referring to runaway mechanisms, I'm confused as to the overall goal. I understand that it occurs it can produce exaggerated male traits and a preference for them in females, but wouldn't that cut into genetic variability in the long run if all the same females want the same characteristic in all the males? And if this does occur when male characteristics are exaggerated, wouldn't that favored trait become not so favored if everyone has it?
ReplyDeletech 14 page 330--sexual conflict-- when talking about bedbugs,if these traits evolved so that males benefit from them but females don't and instead may be hurt from them and decrease life span or ability to reproduce, what is the point to doing this at all? Because if a male tried to inseminate a female by injecting sperm right into her body and missing that area where she's somewhat protected, and she ends up dying, isn't that just energy and "resources" wasted on the male's part? How do they know if after they do this the female's will be okay enough to continue on?
ch 15 page 335--when discussing siblicide, wouldn't individuals want to pass on their parents genes? I'm assuming that they don't really think this stuff over and it's more like competition for parent resources between them, however if the presence of the offspring can increase the changes for them to pass on their parents genes, wouldn't the parents want to interfere so deaths don't occur?
Ch.14 p.308: Vipera berus snake seems to have a very inefficient method of attempting to conserve energy and produce sperm. I don't see how doing nothing but producing sperm may be more costly than using its time to find other resources of survival.
ReplyDeleteCh. 14 p.312: The Bluegill Sunfish method of reproduction and fertilization seems to flawed. That certain-aged males are sized to sneak into older males dens when females are releasing eggs, why would males stay with their nest if they know that smaller males may have fertilized the females eggs? The mature males raise their spawn, they should not be the raisers of the offspring that may not be their own.
Ch 14. p 320: The reading is describing multipul factor that go into choosing a mate. Are there any animals where the ale has more of a say of a mating partner than the female would? Do males have any criteria when looking to mate and raise their young with certain females?
1. Chapter 14 Page 315. When reading about sperm competition, I was a little confused as to how this works. It says that "the female mated with more than one male, their sperm must compete for the opportunity to fertilize her eggs". How does this work? How do the sperm compete exactly? If the female mates with more then one male how does the sperm compete and can more then one set of male sperm fertilize the eggs? Or does only one set of male sperm get to fertilize all the eggs?
ReplyDelete2. Chapter 14 Page 330. In terms of sexual conflict what is the point of it if the male is the only one who benefits? And how do the females know how to adapt to these changes in the males? How does this coevolution work exactly?
3. Chapter 15 Page 345. I don't understand what the real difference is between social monogamy and genetic monogamy. While the book does give definitions of them I am still a bit confused. For one in social monogamy does this mean that while they are living together they can still mate with others or can they not? How is this different from genetic monogamy? In this can the male or female not mate outside the other? If yes does it still happen that one is not faithful because it finds a so called "better" mating opportunity? Can they leave this agrragement and live outside or do this still live together?
Chapter 14, page 306: I just wanted to confirm that the primary difference between intrasexual and intersexual selection is whether or not females get a choice? In intrasexual, it sounds like whoever wins a fight is guaranteed the females, regardless of whether they have other characteristics that females find attractive.
ReplyDeleteChapter 14, page 330: I remember learning a bit about sexually antagonistic coevolution a few years ago, and I find it so interesting that one sex can evolve adaptions that are harmful in some way to the other sex. It has to strike a very specific balance or the species won't survive. Are there situations where populations suffer after the initial development of a harmful trait? Or is the process always gradual enough that they don't suffer a decrease in population size?
Chapter 15, page 338: The book suggests that parents can produce more of one sex of offspring. I didn't think this was any sort of choice; is it particularly common? The only animals I can picture it happening in is reptiles whose sex is dependent on temperature.
INTRAsexual selection is selection that occurs between individuals of the SAME sex (so think males fighting over a female) while INTERsexual selection is selection exerted by members of the opposite sex (males likely chubby ladies while females are all about long flashy tails)
Deletechapter 14, page 310; It states that sex differences in appearance are sometimes caused by sexual selection and other times by ecological factors, isn't it possible for the cause of sexual differences to be a combination of both ecological factors and sexual pressures?
ReplyDeleteChapter 14, page 315; In cases of sperm competition is there instances where the competition of sperm is so great that there is no fertilization occurrence? And would that be seen as a flaw in the female, causing less males to want to mate with her because they feel as if it would be a waste of time energy and sperm?
Chapter 14, page 321; It says that males of some species offer up parts of their own body for the females to feed on, and that by doing this it will increase the males chances of mating or making him more attractive to the females, cant it also hinder the males to the point where they are unable to battle for territory and to keep their mates?