Chapter 16, page 357, Visual cues are no good of the sender cannot be seen. they explain different suggestions to go around this from occurring, but what if it can't be avoided? weather and other things are hard to control, how do they communicate then? Chapter 16, page 359-360, for auditory signals, sounds can be made in many different ways. can each individual only use one of those many ways to produce their sound? what if their environment is different or they are injured and loose that certain body part? can they still communicate with others? Chapter 16. page 362, Long lasting chemical cues require the least amount of energy. Which communication requires the most energy?
Ch 16: P. 359] Was ultrasound an evolutionary adaptation to some animals to signal and communicate beyond their predators hearing range? The book discusses that some amphibians and mammals have had ultrasound level hearing for communications but has it been natural for. certain animals to use the higher range, or is it thought to be an evolutionary adaptation?
Ch 16: P. 364] The Jacobson organ of reptiles sounds to work the same as the olfactory system of most other animals. Both are receptors of scent cells that help navigate and direct the animal, both directly translate sensation to the brain, and both are viable, identical organs. Is there a stern difference?
Ch 16. P. 367] Discussing multimodal sensors communication, how is it that some many species have the realization and ability to differentiate signals between different receptors so easily? The book makes it sound like to use multiple receptors at once has no advantage, as it’s telling the same information though different methods. Is there any real advantage to telling information between two or more different mediums when only one would suffice?
Chapter 16, Page 363: what is the adaptive value of having a specific organ (vomeronsal/Jacobson's organ) for releasing chemical signals, when in other species chemical signals operate in other species effectively without this organ? I feel like this could be energetically expensive
Chapter 17, Page 392: if bird song is shaped by then habitat structure, then how do migratory birds communicate effectively in several different environment types? Are they selected to all possible environments they encounter or is it more of a broad song?
Ch 17 page 382--Is deceptive signaling expected to evolve on a regular basis when talking about mating because it can lead to successfully getting away with it without doing all the hard work? Ch 17 page 388-- I'm a little confused about displacement activity and how they're defined as irrelevant actions performed when animals are indecisive. Why would an animal groom itself instead of fleeing from a predator? Ch 17 p 401-- is there any way to determine if animals communicate their "feelings" towards one another and if so, how can we determine that they have certain emotions without using anthropomorphism?
1. Chapter 16, page 363: When discussing the vomeronasal organ, it is said that its neural wiring goes to brain regions different from those associated with the main olfactory system. Which brain regions does it go to? Which brain regions does neural wiring associated with the main olfactory system go to? I am also a bit confused as to how exactly the flehmen facial grimace helps transfer the chemicals to the organ?
2. Chapter 16, page 368: When discussing species recognition, it says that many species rely on visual cues, such as displays, color patterns, etc to recognize conspecifics. I was curious as to how mimicking would play a role in this? I'm thinking about how we learned about certain species being able to visually mimic another species through both coloration and even sometimes behaviors. How can species differentiate between their conspecifics and another species who is simply mimicking?
3. Chapter 17: Just a general question in regards to honest and dishonest communication: Is it possible that sometimes an individual is attempting to produce an honest message (say in regards to a nearby predator) but the message is either communicated or received poorly and ends up conveying a dishonest message (not on purpose)? In humans we see this a lot, where there is poor communication and the information is received incorrectly. Does this happen in animals as well?
1. Chapter 16, page 361: Communication through seismic signals is really interesting, but I was thinking with the water strider particularly, wouldn't other environmental conditions interfere a lot? Rain, heavy or light, would produce ripples, as would fish just under the surface. Do they have alternate ways of communicating the same message, or do these conditions not matter enough? Chapter 16, page 368: What is the function of animals, like mockingbirds, mimicking other bird songs? They don't want to mate with another species, I don't think it's used as an alarm call, and singing another song wouldn't really increase available resources. Chapter 17, page 391: When discussing the tungara frog, I found it odd that the theory that the males lost the chuck over time is considered less likely. If they face the same predation as the other closely related species, perhaps they already dropped the chuck, as it's too risky?
1. Chapter 16 Page 366-367. In terms of Multimodal communication, lets say that was damaged in some way. For instance the animal could not receive the electoral signals, are there other ways that particular species can communicate? Is multimodal communication their only form of communication? I know that it can be both auditory and visual but I feel like parts of the message would be lost if one was impaired.
2. Chapter 16 Page 372 and 373. When the book is discussing alarm calls, I just want to make sure I understood it correct and that it is saying that animals can have different calls based on different sign signals correct? Like the vervet monkey calls in terms of the 3 groups of predators. Each group of predator has its own distinct alarm call?
3. Chapter 17. Page 383. I'm confused about fake signals. I don't understand how a signal can be fake? I imagine it being like us faking a high five but I don't know if thats correct. I'm just very confused on this.
1. Chapter 16 Page 360. While I understand what ultrasonic communication is, I am a little lost on its uses? Why do animals, mammals or other wise have a communication that can only be heard by them and some others? Im not really understanding the point. 2. Chapter 17 Page 383 and 385. What does it mean by a sender cannot fake a signal? I don't understand why this wouldn't be possible if it could help an animal to survive if they could fake a signal? If a signal cannot be faked how is it possible for an animal to signal in a dishonest way? 3. Chapter 17 Page 390. I don't understand what the sensory exploration theory is. The way it is defined in the book is hard to follow. What is this hypothesis exactly?
Chapter 16, page 357: Do sharks that have the con-specific markings on their fins (black and white tips) that enhance the visibility of the postural display use this postural display when they are threatened to warn the stimulus that it may attack?
Chapter 16, pages 358-359: When the author says that many structures specialized for sound production have evolved in association with respiratory structures, i was wondering if animals are able to have multiple evolve; for example elk have a whistle that is generated by their respiratory structures but they also rake their antlers against trees as a signal to other elk close by.
chapter 16 page 358: the author says tht colors are difficult to distinguish under conditions of low light, so we will expect visual signals at dawn and dusk to focus on contrast rather than color; is this done in order to distinguish between prey that use mimicry?
Chapter 16, page 357, Visual cues are no good of the sender cannot be seen. they explain different suggestions to go around this from occurring, but what if it can't be avoided? weather and other things are hard to control, how do they communicate then?
ReplyDeleteChapter 16, page 359-360, for auditory signals, sounds can be made in many different ways. can each individual only use one of those many ways to produce their sound? what if their environment is different or they are injured and loose that certain body part? can they still communicate with others?
Chapter 16. page 362, Long lasting chemical cues require the least amount of energy. Which communication requires the most energy?
Ch 16: P. 359] Was ultrasound an evolutionary adaptation to some animals to signal and communicate beyond their predators hearing range? The book discusses that some amphibians and mammals have had ultrasound level hearing for communications but has it been natural for.
ReplyDeletecertain animals to use the higher range, or is it thought to be an evolutionary adaptation?
Ch 16: P. 364] The Jacobson organ of reptiles sounds to work the same as the olfactory system of most other animals. Both are receptors of scent cells that help navigate and direct the animal, both directly translate sensation to the brain, and both are viable, identical organs. Is there a stern difference?
Ch 16. P. 367] Discussing multimodal sensors communication, how is it that some many species have the realization and ability to differentiate signals between different receptors so easily? The book makes it sound like to use multiple receptors at once has no advantage, as it’s telling the same information though different methods. Is there any real advantage to telling information between two or more different mediums when only one would suffice?
Chapter 16, Page 363: what is the adaptive value of having a specific organ (vomeronsal/Jacobson's organ) for releasing chemical signals, when in other species chemical signals operate in other species effectively without this organ? I feel like this could be energetically expensive
ReplyDeleteChapter 17, Page 382: why would natural selection favor honest signaling?
Chapter 17, Page 392: if bird song is shaped by then habitat structure, then how do migratory birds communicate effectively in several different environment types? Are they selected to all possible environments they encounter or is it more of a broad song?
Ch 17 page 382--Is deceptive signaling expected to evolve on a regular basis when talking about mating because it can lead to successfully getting away with it without doing all the hard work?
ReplyDeleteCh 17 page 388-- I'm a little confused about displacement activity and how they're defined as irrelevant actions performed when animals are indecisive. Why would an animal groom itself instead of fleeing from a predator?
Ch 17 p 401-- is there any way to determine if animals communicate their "feelings" towards one another and if so, how can we determine that they have certain emotions without using anthropomorphism?
1. Chapter 16, page 363: When discussing the vomeronasal organ, it is said that its neural wiring goes to brain regions different from those associated with the main olfactory system. Which brain regions does it go to? Which brain regions does neural wiring associated with the main olfactory system go to? I am also a bit confused as to how exactly the flehmen facial grimace helps transfer the chemicals to the organ?
ReplyDelete2. Chapter 16, page 368: When discussing species recognition, it says that many species rely on visual cues, such as displays, color patterns, etc to recognize conspecifics. I was curious as to how mimicking would play a role in this? I'm thinking about how we learned about certain species being able to visually mimic another species through both coloration and even sometimes behaviors. How can species differentiate between their conspecifics and another species who is simply mimicking?
3. Chapter 17: Just a general question in regards to honest and dishonest communication: Is it possible that sometimes an individual is attempting to produce an honest message (say in regards to a nearby predator) but the message is either communicated or received poorly and ends up conveying a dishonest message (not on purpose)? In humans we see this a lot, where there is poor communication and the information is received incorrectly. Does this happen in animals as well?
1. Chapter 16, page 361: Communication through seismic signals is really interesting, but I was thinking with the water strider particularly, wouldn't other environmental conditions interfere a lot? Rain, heavy or light, would produce ripples, as would fish just under the surface. Do they have alternate ways of communicating the same message, or do these conditions not matter enough?
ReplyDeleteChapter 16, page 368: What is the function of animals, like mockingbirds, mimicking other bird songs? They don't want to mate with another species, I don't think it's used as an alarm call, and singing another song wouldn't really increase available resources.
Chapter 17, page 391: When discussing the tungara frog, I found it odd that the theory that the males lost the chuck over time is considered less likely. If they face the same predation as the other closely related species, perhaps they already dropped the chuck, as it's too risky?
1. Chapter 16 Page 366-367. In terms of Multimodal communication, lets say that was damaged in some way. For instance the animal could not receive the electoral signals, are there other ways that particular species can communicate? Is multimodal communication their only form of communication? I know that it can be both auditory and visual but I feel like parts of the message would be lost if one was impaired.
ReplyDelete2. Chapter 16 Page 372 and 373. When the book is discussing alarm calls, I just want to make sure I understood it correct and that it is saying that animals can have different calls based on different sign signals correct? Like the vervet monkey calls in terms of the 3 groups of predators. Each group of predator has its own distinct alarm call?
3. Chapter 17. Page 383. I'm confused about fake signals. I don't understand how a signal can be fake? I imagine it being like us faking a high five but I don't know if thats correct. I'm just very confused on this.
1. Chapter 16 Page 360. While I understand what ultrasonic communication is, I am a little lost on its uses? Why do animals, mammals or other wise have a communication that can only be heard by them and some others? Im not really understanding the point.
ReplyDelete2. Chapter 17 Page 383 and 385. What does it mean by a sender cannot fake a signal? I don't understand why this wouldn't be possible if it could help an animal to survive if they could fake a signal? If a signal cannot be faked how is it possible for an animal to signal in a dishonest way?
3. Chapter 17 Page 390. I don't understand what the sensory exploration theory is. The way it is defined in the book is hard to follow. What is this hypothesis exactly?
Chapter 16, page 357: Do sharks that have the con-specific markings on their fins (black and white tips) that enhance the visibility of the postural display use this postural display when they are threatened to warn the stimulus that it may attack?
ReplyDeleteChapter 16, pages 358-359: When the author says that many structures specialized for sound production have evolved in association with respiratory structures, i was wondering if animals are able to have multiple evolve; for example elk have a whistle that is generated by their respiratory structures but they also rake their antlers against trees as a signal to other elk close by.
chapter 16 page 358: the author says tht colors are difficult to distinguish under conditions of low light, so we will expect visual signals at dawn and dusk to focus on contrast rather than color; is this done in order to distinguish between prey that use mimicry?